TABLE 14. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT MEAD, NE 1/ 2023 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ GENETIC SPRING LEAF DENSITY COLOR QUALITY RATINGS NAME COLOR GREENUP TEXTURE FALL NOVEMBER UNIFORMITY APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN CAPITAN (DLFPS-321/3705) 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 CLASH (AH1) 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 DLFPS-321/3693 7.0 4.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 FALCON SUPREME (RH1) 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 K18-NSE 7.0 2.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.3 8.0 7.0 7.3 7.0 PPG-TF 249 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.0 PPG-TF 312 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.0 XANADU (JT 268) 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 BATTLE HAWK (NAI-ROS4) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.9 BENTLEY (DLFPS-321/3679) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.9 BLADERUNNER 3 (DLFPS-321/3701) 7.0 3.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.9 DRAGSTER 7.0 2.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.9 FINELAWN SUPREME (RH3) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.9 JT 233 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.9 PADRE 2 6.7 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.9 PPG-TF 316 7.3 4.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.9 PROVIDENCE (GO-RH20) 7.0 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 PST-5GQ 6.7 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.9 RS1 7.0 4.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 SPYDER 2LS (ZRC1) 6.7 4.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.9 SYMPHONY (PPG-TF 305) 7.0 2.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 VALSETZ (PPG-TF 257) 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.9 ZION (BAR TF 134) 7.0 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 5LSS 7.0 2.7 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 DLFPS-321/3706 7.0 2.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.8 ENDGAME (3N1) 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.7 7.0 6.8 ESSENTIAL 2 (DLFPS-TF/3552) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.8 EXPANSE (PPG-TF 262) 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 FIRECRACKER G-LS (PPG-TF 315) 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.8 HELLCAT GLR (PST-5E6) 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 PPG-TF 337 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.3 6.7 7.0 6.8 PST-5DC24 7.3 1.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.8 SR 8700 (TMT1) 7.0 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.8 TEACHER (PPG-TF 313) 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.8 TITAN GLX (TF445) 7.0 2.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.8 TITAN MAX (TF456) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 TITANIUM G-LS (PPG-TF 255) 7.0 1.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 AVENGER III (PPG-TF 308) 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 BULLSEYE LTZ 7.0 1.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 COL-TF-148 7.0 4.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 DAYBREAK (AH2) 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 DLFPS-321/3694 6.7 5.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 DLFPS-321/3707 7.0 4.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 DLFPS-321/3708 7.3 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.7 ESTRENA 7.3 3.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 TABLE 14. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS (CONT'D) IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT MEAD, NE 1/ 2023 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ GENETIC SPRING LEAF DENSITY COLOR QUALITY RATINGS NAME COLOR GREENUP TEXTURE FALL NOVEMBER UNIFORMITY APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN FASTLANE (BY-TF-169) 7.3 3.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 FIREHAWK SLT 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 FIRENZA II (PPG-TF 244) 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 GALLARDO (DLFPS-TF/3550) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 GRAND PRIX (FC15-01P) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 HEMI 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 HOUNDOG NINE (DLFPS-321/3702) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 JT 517 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 K18-RS6 6.7 2.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 NAI-ST5 7.0 4.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 OKEEFE (LTP-TF-122) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 RACEWAY (DLFPS-321/3696) 7.0 3.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 RAPTOR LS (PPG-TF 336) 7.3 3.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 RC4 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 RDC 7.0 3.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 RHF 7.0 2.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 SERENADE (PPG-TF 320) 6.7 3.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 TD2 7.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 TRIAD (PPG-TF 323) 7.0 3.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 3B2 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.6 BONFIRE (JS DTT) 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 BRAVO 2 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 COPIOUS TF 7.0 1.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 DEGAS (LTP-TF-111) 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.6 DLFPS-321/3695 6.7 4.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.6 DLFPS-TF/3553 7.0 3.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 DYNAMITE G-LS (PPG-TF 254) 7.0 2.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.6 ESCALADE 6.7 1.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.6 GALACTIC (SESCR1) 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.6 GRO-PRO (SE53D2) 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.6 K18-WB1 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.6 NT-3 7.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.6 PARAMOUNT 7.0 3.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.6 PPG-TF 231 7.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.6 PRO GOLD 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 PST-5THM 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.3 6.6 RHL2 7.0 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 ROVER (PPG-TF 306) 7.0 1.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 ROWDIER (DLFPS-321/3699) 7.0 3.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 SE5STAR 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.6 SETFM3 6.7 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 SOUTHSIDE(PPG-TF 267) 6.7 3.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.6 A-TF31 7.0 2.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.5 AST8118LM 7.3 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.5 ATF2116 7.0 2.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.5 TABLE 14. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS (CONT'D) IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT MEAD, NE 1/ 2023 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ GENETIC SPRING LEAF DENSITY COLOR QUALITY RATINGS NAME COLOR GREENUP TEXTURE FALL NOVEMBER UNIFORMITY APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN BULLSEYE 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 EXTRAVAGANZA (PST-5MCMO) 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.5 FAIRFIELD (SETF104) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.5 FAYETTE 7.0 3.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.5 GLX ACED (PST-5DART) 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.5 GLX REVIVE (PST-5GLBS) 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.5 GRANDE 3 7.0 4.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.5 MOONDANCE GLX 6.7 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.5 OG-WALK 7.0 1.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.5 ORIOLE (PST-5BYOB) 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.5 PPG-TF 318 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.5 PST-5TRN 6.7 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.5 RAD-TF115 (TURBO SS) 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.5 STEALTH (PPG-TF 238) 7.0 2.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.5 TANK (PPG-TF 338) 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.5 ATF1768 7.0 3.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.4 BANDIT 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 BARNOBLE (BAR 9FE MAS) 7.0 3.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.4 BIRMINGHAM 7.0 1.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 5.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.4 KIZZLE (K18-ROE) 7.0 4.0 6.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.4 LIFEGUARD 6.7 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.4 NAI-FQZ-17 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.4 PST-5DZM 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.4 RAD-TF105 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 TALLADEGA II (NAI-3N2) 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 6.4 TOUGH (NAI-TUE) 7.3 2.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.4 AST8218LM 7.0 3.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 BAR-FA8230 7.0 1.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.3 DLFPS-321/3703 6.7 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 LAFAYETTE (GO-AOMK) 7.3 3.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 MONUMENT (PST-5SQB) 6.7 3.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 PALOMAR 7.0 3.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 PST-5MINK 7.0 3.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 RAD-TF131 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 5.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 RAPTOR III 7.0 2.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 TANGO 7.0 1.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 TOPSHELF (BGR-TF3) 7.3 3.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 NATURALLY GREEN 7.0 4.3 6.3 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.2 SETFM2 7.0 3.7 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.2 LBF 7.0 3.3 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.1 BAR FA 8228 7.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.8 KENTUCKY-31 4.7 3.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 4.3 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.5 LSD VALUE 0.5 5.2 0.3 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.8 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.5 C.V. (%) 3.9 41.4 2.6 6.6 3.6 6.7 9.3 7.5 6.2 7.7 6.0 7.6 6.4 4.2 1/ TO DETERMINE STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG ENTRIES, SUBTRACT ONE ENTRY'S MEAN FROM ANOTHER ENTRY'S MEAN. STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES OCCUR WHEN THIS VALUE IS LARGER THAN THE CORRESPONDING LSD VALUE (LSD 0.05). 2/ C.V. (COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION) INDICATES THE PERCENT VARIATION OF THE MEAN IN EACH COLUMN. TABLE A. 2023 LOCATIONS, SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST SOIL SOIL SUN MOWING SOIL SOIL PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM NITROGEN OR HEIGHT IRRIGATION LOCATION TEXTURE PH (LBS/ACRE) (LBS/ACRE) (LBS/1000 SQ FT) SHADE (IN) PRACTICED NE1 SILTY CLAY AND CLAY 7.1-7.5 0-60 376-500 3.1-4.0 FULL SUN 2.1-2.5 TO PREVENT STRESS